The (¯1¯1¯1) surface was studied by using reflection high-energy electron diffraction, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopic, and X-ray photo-electron diffraction techniques. Several surface reconstructions were observed. Shifts in the Cd (3d) binding energy levels permitted the contribution which was made by surface Cd atoms to be separated from that of the bulk. Whereas the bulk atoms exhibited X-ray photo-electron diffraction effects along the standard crystallographic directions, the diffraction effects for surface atoms occurred along particular directions which corresponded to an outward relaxation of the uppermost Te layer.

R.Duszak, S.Tatarenko, J.Cibert, K.Saminadayar, C.Deshayes: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, 1991, 9[6], 3025-30