Surface and bulk contributions were separated in the angle-resolved X-ray photo-emission spectra from (¯1¯1¯1) surfaces. Reconstructions of 1 x 1, 2 x 2, 2v3 x 2v3 R30º, or c(8 x 4) type were observed; depending upon the substrate temperature. An attempt was made to grow further (¯1¯1¯1) layers upon the reconstructed surface. A correlation was found between the type of reconstruction and the phase of the corresponding reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillations which were detected during growth. Bi-layer surface representations, based upon an hexagonal ring model, were proposed for the present reconstruction types.

R.Duszak, S.Tatarenko, J.Cibert, N.Magnéa, H.Mariette, K.Saminadayar: Surface Science, 1991, 251-252, 511-5