Measurements were made of the nucleation rate of macro-vacancies on (001) during high-temperature sublimation, and a theoretical model was provided for macro-vacancy nucleation on evaporating surfaces. The nucleation rate was shown to exhibit a non-Arrhenius behavior as a function of temperature.

A.Pimpinelli, J.J.Métois: Physical Review Letters, 1994, 72[22], 3566-9