Atomic-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopic images of the (110) surface were achieved. Sputtering, and annealing in ultra-high vacuum at 600 to 900K, resulted in the appearance of (110) (1 x 1) terraces which were bounded by steps that lay parallel to the [1¯11] or [001] directions. Five-fold coordinated Ti4+ cations, that were ordered with a (1 x 1) periodicity, were resolved on the terraces. Further annealing, at 900 to 1100K, led to the formation of strings which were composed of double ridges along the [001] direction on (110) (1 x 1) terraces. The strings covered the surface to give a (1 x 2) superstructure, when annealed at 1150K.

H.Onishi, Y.Iwasawa: Surface Science Letters, 1994, 313[1-2], 783-9