Fresh-water ice (S1) was slowly compressed uniaxially across the columns at an homologous temperature of 0.96. Orowan-type deformation kinks were observed, and cracks were detected at the kink-band boundaries. Each crack was associated with a step in the boundary. The nucleation of such cracks was explained in terms of a Stroh-type dislocation pile-up mechanism.

M.E.Manley, E.M.Schulson: Philosophical Magazine Letters, 1997, 75[2], 83-90