Measurements of H diffusion in the  and  phases were reviewed. Observations of so-called uphill H diffusion were reported for membranes which were in the form of tubes and sheets. Procedures were described for the introduction of H into external surfaces and for the monitoring of H permeation through the walls, via changes in pressure or electrode potential at internal surfaces. In order to clarify uphill effects, both surfaces of the membranes were coated with Pd black. Following discharges of H at the outer surfaces of membranes which initially contained H, changes in the H pressure within the tubes exhibited initial decreases in the H contents at the opposite surfaces. This permeation behavior was attributed to the H-expansion of interstitial Pd sites, which had produced strain gradients that extended from the outer to the inner surface. This gave rise to Gorsky-type effects.

X.Q.Tong, Y.Sakamoto, F.A.Lewis, R.V.Bucur, K.Kandasamy: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1997, 22[2-3], 141-4