A review was presented of recent attempts to understand this phenomenon, which led to the formation of voids and hillocks. It was shown that void nucleation, growth, motion and shape changes had to be considered in order to obtain a realistic description. It was shown that the microstructure (especially the grain structure), and the mechanical properties of the material, greatly affected the damage process.

E.Arzt, O.Kraft, R.Spolenak, Y.C.Joo: Zeitschrift für Metallkunde, 1996, 87[11], 934-42