Transformation of the (110) surface, from (1 x 1) to (1 x 2), was investigated by using electron-stimulated desorption ion angular distribution and low-energy electron diffraction techniques. It was found that the pattern of O+ ion emission normal to the surface, from (1 x 1), changed to 2 off-normal lobes after transformation to (1 x 2). This reflected a distinct change in the bonding configuration of the O anion species at the surface. It was concluded that these results provided strong evidence in favor of an interface with added Ti2O3 rows.

Q.Guo, I.Cocks, E.M.Williams: Physical Review Letters, 1996, 77[18], 3851-4