A new twin formation mechanism was proposed which was based upon the results of a transmission electron microscopic study of indentation-deformed material. It was found that twins formed via the successive surface nucleation of half-loops and the subsequent glide of Shockley partial dislocations on the neighboring {111} planes. It was found that all of the partial dislocations in the twin band had the same Burgers vector, which pointed towards the bulk.

X.J.Ning, N.Huvey: Philosophical Magazine Letters, 1996, 74[4], 241-5