A mechanism was proposed, for the formation of metastable defects in hydrogenated amorphous material, that was driven by the presence of mobile carriers rather than by their recombination. This carrier-induced mechanism was found to explain several observations that could not be reconciled with a recombination-driven mechanism. These included defect formation in accumulation layers, and the light-induced recovery of defects.

D.Redfield, R.H.Bube: Philosophical Magazine B, 1996, 74[3], 309-15