Deep-level transient spectroscopy was used to study the deep levels which were introduced, into the band gap, by W. The results indicated that W created 3 defect centers: with levels at Ev + 0.22eV, Ev + 0.33eV and Ec - 0.59eV. The shape of the concentration profiles indicated that W did not diffuse via a simple mechanism.

S.Boughaba, D.Mathiot: Journal of Applied Physics, 1991, 69[1], 278-83