A theoretical investigation was made of O vacancies in the ß-phase. The total energies of super-cells which contained the defect were used to calculate and order the formation energies of the 6 cases under consideration. That is, 3 different O vacancies in neutral or doubly-positively charged states.

Theoretical Investigation of the Oxygen Vacancies in ß-Ga2O3. Z.Hajnal, A.Gali, J.Miro, P.Deak: Physica Status Solidi A, 1999, 171[2], R5-6