The effective diffusivities of various impurities in Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramic samples were measured by means of radiotracer depth profiling (figure 5). The data could be described by the expressions:

Cr:     D(cm2/s) = 4.8 exp[-160(kJ/mol)/RT]

Mn:     D(cm2/s) = 7.1 x 10-6exp[-80(kJ/mol)/RT]

Nb:     D(cm2/s) = 2.1 x 10-6exp[-96(kJ/mol)/RT]

Sr:     D(cm2/s) = 220 exp[-230(kJ/mol)/RT]

V:     D(cm2/s) = 24 exp[-170(kJ/mol)/RT]

Zn:     D(cm2/s) = 5.0 x 10-4exp[-100(kJ/mol)/RT]

It was found that the grain boundaries exhibited a high diffusion permeability.

M.V.Slinkina, G.I.Dontsov, L.I.Volosentseva: Neorganicheskie Materialy, 1994, 30[3], 417-20 (Inorganic Materials, 1994, 30[3], 394-7)