The effects of sintering temperature (and therefore microstructure), and Li-loss, upon the grain-boundary conductivity of Li-conducting La0.57LixTiO3 were studied, where x was equal to 0.3 or 0.35. The grain, and grain-boundary, conductivities were deduced from impedance data. As the sintering temperature was increased from 1100 to 1350C, the Li content decreased; due to the evaporation of Li during sintering. The samples were nearly fully dense after sintering at 1200C or above. The grain-boundary conductivity increased rapidly with sintering temperature, due to an increasing grain size. When the grain conductivity was almost independent of the sintering conditions, the grain-boundary conductivity change could be explained mainly in terms of microstructural changes.
The Effect of Sintering on the Grain Boundary Conductivity of Lithium Lanthanum Titanates. C.W.Ban, G.M.Choi: Solid State Ionics, 2001, 140[3-4], 285-92