Additions of MgO were made during powder preparation. Films of Ti were deposited, via electron-beam evaporation at room temperature, onto the mechanically polished Z-surface of MgO-doped crystals. Following film deposition, the Ti was in-diffused by annealing. It was observed that the Ti diffusion behaviour was strongly affected by the annealing temperature. During this Ti diffusion, there was out-diffusion of Li. In the case of Mg, the behavior was different to that of Ti or Li. That is, the Mg formed an accumulation layer near to the surface.

Cation Diffusion Characteristics in MgO-Doped LiNbO3 During Ti Diffusion. R.H.Kim, H.H.Park, G.T.Joo: Applied Surface Science, 2001, 169-170, 570-4