The deviation from stoichiometry in (ZnxMn1-xFe2)1-δ/3O4 was measured thermogravimetrically at 1200C as a function of O activity and cationic composition. Point defect thermodynamic modeling of the O activity dependence of δ suggested that cation vacancies were the majority ionic defects at high O activities and cation interstitials predominated at lower activities.

Deviation from Stoichiometry and Point Defects in (ZnxMn1-xFe2)1-δ/3O4. J.Töpfer, L.Liu, R.Dieckmann: Solid State Ionics, 2003, 159[3-4], 397-404