Undoped and CeO2-doped Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 powder was synthesized by using the solid-state reaction method, and the lattice parameters were evaluated by using X-ray diffractometry. The valence state of the Ce ion in Ce-doped material was identified by using X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, and a valence of 3+ was confirmed. The charge-compensated defect of Ce doping in Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 ceramics, excess O ions which occupied a vacant O(4) or O(5) site, was also revealed by using electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy.

Charge-Compensating Defect in Ceria-Doped Strontium Barium Niobate by Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J.T.Shiue, T.T.Fang: Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2004, 87[3], 391-4