The thermodynamic model was applied to substitutionally dissolved impurities in Pb. For Tl, Sn, Na, Cs and (with some reservations) for Hg, good agreement was found between the calculated and measured diffusion coefficients. Although Hg and Cd diffused exclusively via vacancies, the diffusion behaviour of Cd could not be explained in terms of the thermodynamic model.

Application of the Thermodynamic Model to the Diffusion of Substitutionally Dissolved Impurities in Lead. G.Neumann, C.Tuijn: Physica B, 2002, 319[1-4], 343-9