Cahn’s theory of solute drag was extended to the case where 2 solutes interacted with a moving grain boundary and with each other. It was concluded that the mutual interaction of the solutes was important in determining the drag force experienced by a migrating grain boundary. This effect was greatest in the low-velocity regime.

Solute Drag in Ternary Solid Solutions. Y.J.M.Bréchet, G.R.Purdy: Acta Materialia, 2003, 51[18], 5587-92