A kinetic model was presented in order to explain irradiation-induced phenomena in graphite up to a high amorphization dose. The origin of amorphization was attributed to the accumulation of dislocation dipoles instead of the disordered region assumed by a previous model. Calculated results for the change in sample dimension up to amorphization, and the Raman intensity ratio in a low-damage range, compared favorably with the experimental results; revealing the existence of a barrier which inhibited the mutual annihilation of an interstitial and a vacancy.

Irradiation-Induced Amorphization of Graphite: a Dislocation Accumulation Model. K.Niwase: Philosophical Magazine Letters, 2002, 82[7], 401-8