The energies and diffusivity of interfaces in the solid-Fe/liquid-Pb system were investigated at 650 to 900C. It was found that grain-boundary grooves were formed at the solid-Fe/liquid-Pb interface, and these were studied by means of atomic force microscopy. From the topography of the grooves, the relative interfacial energies and interfacial diffusivities were obtained. It was found that liquid Pb did not wet the grain boundaries of Fe.

Energetics and Kinetics of Surfaces and Interfaces in the Fe-Pb System. J.P.Monchoux, E.Y.Gutmanas, E.Rabkin: Philosophical Magazine Letters, 2002, 82[1], 43-53