A model was developed, in which vacancies played the role of a solute, for the trapping of vacancies during the rapid solidification of pure metals. It included the effect of solute drag. For a reasonable range of parameter values, it predicted that substantial trapping could not occur unless the solidification velocity was 1m/s or above. It was demonstrated that the intrinsic mobility of the liquid/solid interface should not be evaluated without considering the effects of vacancy trapping and solute drag caused by vacancies.

Trapping of Vacancies by Rapid Solidification. M.Hillert, M.Schwind, M.Selleby: Acta Materialia, 2002, 50[12], 3285-93