A strain hardening model for later deformation stages was generalized to the 3-dimensional case and for arbitrary strain paths. The model was based upon a cellular dislocation arrangement in which a single-phase material was considered to be a composite consisting of a hard skeleton of cell walls and soft cell interiors. An important feature was the evolution of the volume fraction of the cell walls, which decreased with deformation and gave rise to a plateau-like behavior (stage IV), followed by a drop-off (stage V) of the strain hardening rate at large strains. The hardening model was incorporated into the viscoplastic self-consistent polycrystal model so as to predict

hardening curves which corresponded to various proportional loading paths. The calculated curves were used to elucidate the path-dependence of hardening.

Strain Hardening at Large Strains as Predicted by Dislocation-Based Polycrystal Plasticity Model. L.S.Tóth, A.Molinari, Y.Estrin: Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 2002, 124[1], 71-7