It was noted that forming processes usually involved complex strain paths which were typically associated with softening/hardening effects. These could be attributed mainly to the development of a so-called intragranular microstructure which consisted of dislocation cells and cell blocks. A method was proposed for incorporating these grain-scale details into a full-constraint Taylor model. It was found that the dislocation cells and cell blocks had a significant effect upon the anisotropic properties of the material. The trends indicated by the simulations agreed well with experimental observations.

The Incorporation of Dislocation Sheets into a Model for Plastic Deformation of BCC Polycrystals and its Influence on r-Values. B.Peeters, M.Seefeldt, S.R.Kalidindi, P.Van Houtte, E.Aernoudt: Materials Science and Engineering A, 2001, 319-321, 188-91