Transmission electron microscopy showed that precipitates of a C-based metastable phase were coherently bound to the matrix of grade VT1-0 Ti. The Gorsky effect was observed for C in 3-point bending tests at 300 to 550C; as revealed by the reversible creep deformation. A technique was developed which permitted the determination of the diffusion coefficients of the interstitial impurities that caused the Gorsky effect. By using this technique, effective C diffusion coefficients were determined at 300 to 550C in VT1-0 Ti samples with various grain sizes. It was shown that, in fine-grained (about 0.3μm) samples, the main mechanism of C diffusion was grain-boundary diffusion. Activation energies of 103 and 177kJ/mol were determined for the grain-boundary and bulk diffusion of C, respectively.

L.S.Bushnev, L.V.Chernova, N.V.Girsova: Physics of Metals and Metallography, 2001, 92[3], 251-7