The material was combined with Cu electrodes to give a cell which was then studied using alternating-current (110Hz-100kHz) methods. The bulk conductivity could be described by:

σT (SK/cm) = 1.321 x 104exp[-0.115(eV)/kT]

The Warburg constant exhibited a marked bend in its temperature dependence at 10C.

N.N.Vershinin, E.P.Dermanchuk, N.G.Bukun, E.A.Ukshe: Elektrokhimiya, 1981, 17[3], 383-7