A theoretical non-linear analysis, based upon self-consistent numerical simulations, was developed for current-induced morphological changes in void surfaces in metallic thin films. The analysis focussed on low-symmetry cases of surface diffusional anisotropy. The simulations predicted a surface morphological transition and the onset of oscillatory dynamics at a critical value of the applied electric field. The voids migrated along the film at a constant speed, with surface morphologies that were either steady-state or time-periodic and were characterized by wave propagation along the surface in the direction of the electric field, for electric fields which were weaker or stronger than the critical value, respectively. Both types of void-surface morphology were stable, and did not lead to failure of the film.

Current-Induced Non-Linear Dynamics of Voids in Metallic Thin Films - Morphological Transition and Surface Wave Propagation. M.R.Gungor, D.Maroudas: Surface Science, 2000, 461[1-3], L550-6