Lennard-Jones based molecular dynamics simulations of capillarity fluctuations in flat, 2D symmetrical tilt grain boundaries showed that fluctuation in the high symmetry θgb = 38.2 − Σ7 boundary was consistent with capillarity wave theory, with a grain boundary stiffness of Γgb = 0.31ε/r0. A low-symmetry θgb = 30 − Σ∞ boundary exhibited peaks at certain modes; indicative of vicinal cusps in the Wulff plot.

Direct Two-Dimensional Calculations of Grain Boundary Stiffness. Z.T.Trautt, M.Upmanyu: Scripta Materialia, 2005, 52[11], 1175-9