A low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopic (STM) investigation was made of the clean Ge(111) surface. These experiments permitted the first scanning tunnelling microscopy observations of 1-dimensional surface screening around surface defects. The dominant role of surface states in low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy imaging was identified, as well as the important influence of non-equilibrium kinetics upon the measured tunnelling spectra.

Identifying the Electronic Properties of the Ge(111)-(2x1) Surface by Low-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. P.I.Arseyev, N.S.Maslova, V.I.Panov, S.V.Savinov, C.Van Haesendonck: JETP Letters, 2005, 82[5], 279-83