The atomic structure of the (113)-(3 x 1) surface was investigated by means of synchrotron radiation photo-emission spectroscopy. The 2p core-level spectra were measured at the surface-sensitive photon energy of 132eV. By fitting the 2p core-level  spectrum for the (113)-(3 x 1) surface, 3 surface components were resolved at binding energies of about 0.745, 0.554 and 0.34eV. The results showed that the dimers received about 0.16 electrons, and the remainder of the tetramers donated about 0.22 electrons, on this surface. This strongly supported the concept that the dimers and the rest of the tetramers were relaxed upwards and downwards, respectively.

Atomic Structure of the Si(113)-(3 x 1) Surface - Charge Transfer within Tetramers C.C.Hwang, H.S.Kim, Y.K.Kim, J.S.Kim, C.Y.Park, K.J.Kim, T.H.Kang, B.Kim: Physical Review B, 1999, 59[23], 14864-7