The formation energies of vacancies and their complexes in Cu and Ni at zero and finite temperatures were calculated by the embedded-atom method in the quasi-harmonic approximation. The role of temperature effects in the formation of various atomic configurations of intrinsic point defects was studied.

Vacancies and Their Complexes in FCC Metals. L.Y.Nemirovich-Danchenko, A.G.Lipnitskiĭ, S.E.Kulkova: Physics of the Solid State, 2007, 49[6], 1079-85