By assuming a familiarity with group theory, and by focussing at first on the symmetries of the screw dislocation as a quasi-particle or soliton during the evolution of deformation patterns, it was demonstrated that defects in their ideal form carried the symmetries of the 4-group; which also applied to fundamental quantum particles. It was recognized that the 4-group represented the symmetries of well-formed conjunctive expressions in Boolean formal logic. It was considered that the quasi-particles were grammatical entities in a natural language in which patterns were consequents that followed spontaneously from indefinite or chaotic premises. It was concluded that the term, self-organizing, was very appropriate.

The Symmetry 4-Group and Function of Quasiparticles in Pattern Formation. J.S.Kirkaldy: Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1995, 33[2], 259-65