In situ X-ray scattering studies of the Au(110) electrode surface were carried out in 0.1M NaF, NaCl, NaBr, LiCl, CsCl, and HClO4 solutions under potential control. At sufficiently negative potentials, in the salt solutions the surface formed a (1 x 3) reconstruction rather than a (1 x 2) reported for the clean vacuum surface. Above a critical threshold potential, the (1 x 3) reconstruction vanishes and the surface formed a (1 x 1) structure.

Charge Induced (1 x 3) Reconstruction of the Au(110) Surface - an X-Ray Scattering Study. B.M.Ocko, G.Helgesen, B.Schardt, J.Wang, A.Hamelin: Physical Review Letters, 1992, 69, 3350-3