The surface magnetism of Gd(00•1) films was studied using spin resolved electron spectroscopies. Both a canted surface magnetization vector out of the plane of the film and an enhanced surface magnetic ordering temperature 60K higher than the bulk Curie temperature were observed. The results showed that the surface magnetic layer behaved as a separate entity from the bulk. The in-plane component of surface magnetization aligns ferromagnetically to the bulk. Spin resolved photoemission from the Gd 4f core levels showed ≊65% spin polarization at 150K, which extrapolated to ≊91% at 0K.

Magnetic Reconstruction of the Gd(0001) Surface. H.Tang, D.Weller, T.G.Walker, J.C.Scott, C.Chappert, H.Hopster, A.W.Pang, D.S.Dessau, D.P.Pappas: Physical Review Letters, 1993, 71, 444-7