Using inverse photo-emission spectroscopy, an investigation was made of the unoccupied surface states of Ni(110) in the band gap around ¯Y and the shifts associated with the alkali-induced missing row reconstruction of the Ni(110) surface, the quenching of this reconstruction at low temperature, and the hydrogen-induced pairing row reconstruction of Ni(110). The results could consistently be interpreted in the phase accumulation model for surface states. The phase shifts required for a quantitative evaluation were obtained from a nearly-free-electron approximation.

The Adsorbate-Induced Reconstruction of Transition Metal Surfaces Monitored via Spectroscopy of Unoccupied Surface States. N.Memmel, G.Rangelov, E.Bertel, V.Dose: Surface Science, 1991, 251-252, 503-7