Simple qualitative reasoning based on symmetry arguments was used to study the reconstruction of the W(001) surface. It was assumed that the inherent lattice instability was caused mainly by electron-phonon coupling via Shockley surface states from the vicinity of the Fermi energy. The introduction of the local C4v symmetry enables to analyze the respective electron-phonon matrix elements and led to the conclusion that in-plane reconstruction modes ¯M5 and ¯X3 were more perspective than the buckled ones.

Some Simple Ideas about Instability and Reconstruction of the W(001) Surface. M.Tomášek, Š.Pick: Physica B+C, 1985, 132[1], 79-86