A simple qualitative theory of the reconstruction of the W (001) surface based on the assumption of an important role of Shockley surface states from the vicinity of the Fermi energy in the electron-phonon interaction was presented. While translational symmetry chooses state coupling via the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect, the local symmetry determines the magnitude of the corresponding matrix elements. It appeared that the in-plane reconstruction modes M̄5 and X̄3 were more promising whereas the buckled modes seem unfavourable since they lead to an ionic superstructure on the surface.

On a Rudimentary Model of the W(001) Surface Instability and Reconstruction. M.Tomášek, Š.Pick: Surface Science, 1984, 140[2], L279-84