High-energy ion scattering in combination with channelling was used to study the W(001) + hydrogen surface. It was shown conclusively that the clean W(001) and the W(001)c(2 x 2)H surfaces were reconstructed at room temperature, that the surface reorders by H saturation, and that two models proposed for the c(2 x 2) surface structure were not valid. Absolute coverage data were obtained for the W(001) + D2 system by using a nuclear reaction technique.

Reconstruction of the W (001) Surface and Its Reordering by Hydrogen Adsorption, Studied by MeV Ion Scattering. I.Stensgaard, L.C.Feldman, P.J.Silverman: Physical Review Letters, 1979, 42, 247-50