The clean, H-induced and N-induced reconstructions of the W{100} surface were studied by means of surface core-level spectroscopy. The clean and N-induced SCL shifts were consistent with a simple, local restructuring of the surface layer. The surprising case of the hydrogen reconstruction, involving an anomalous SCL shift to the higher binding energy side of the bulk peak, was discussed.

Origin of the Surface Core-Level Shifts Induced by Reconstruction of the W{100} Surface. K.G.Purcell, J.Jupille, D.A.King: Surface Science, 1991, 251-252, 660-3