The mechanisms by which Mg2+ and Al3+ ions were transported through the
MgAl2O4 spinel lattice were investigated using atomic scale computer simulation.
Both vacancy and interstitial cation processes were considered. Stable vacancies
can be generated on either the magnesium or aluminium sub-lattices but the Mg2+
and Al3+ cation interstitials were most stable when located in split form with
another Mg2+ ion about a vacant Mg2+ site. The pathways for diffusion of defects
both via vacancy and interstitial mechanisms were analysed in detail with
calculation of the energy barriers and the associated exponential pre-factors. The
results showed that vacancies can be exchanged between the two sub-lattices resulting in the formation of antisite defects (though these processes have a high
activation energy); that the Mg2+ ions were more mobile than the Al3+ ions and that
the preferred mechanism for Al3+ ion diffusion was via a vacancy mechanism on
the magnesium sub-lattice. Although the calculated values of the pre-factors can
differ in size by an order of magnitude, in this system it was the relative size of the
energy barriers that dominate the diffusion rates.
Cation Diffusion in Magnesium Aluminate Spinel. S.T.Murphy, B.P.Uberuaga,
J.B.Ball, A.R.Cleave, K.E.Sickafus, R.Smith, R.W.Grimes: Solid State Ionics,
2009, 180[1], 1-8