Using density functional theory, a recently discovered structure for di-interstitial
oxygen clusters in UO2+x was considered, in which three oxygen ions shared one
lattice site. This di-interstitial cluster exhibited fast diffusion; the migration barrier
to these clusters being about half that for mono-interstitials. Using kinetic Monte
Carlo methods, the diffusivity of oxygen with and without the di-interstitial
mechanism was calculated as a function of x and it was found that oxygen transport
was significantly increased for higher values of x when the di-interstitial
mechanism was included; thus agreeing much more closely with experimental data.
These results emphasized the importance of clustering phenomena in UO2+x and
had implications for the evolution of UO2+x.
Role of Di-Interstitial Clusters in Oxygen Transport in UO2+x from First
Principles. D.A.Andersson, T.Watanabe, C.Deo, B.P.Uberuaga: Physical Review
B, 2009, 80[6], 060101