Based upon ab initio and classical molecular-dynamics simulations, an
investigation was made of the role played by vacancy-vacancy interactions in the
oxygen conductivity of yttria-stabilized and scandia-stabilized cubic zirconia. It
was found that an appreciable fraction of the possible configurations of vacancies
was locally unstable, although the vacancies were at least third-nearest neighbours
of each other. An investigation of the oxygen migration pathways by ab initio metadynamics simulations revealed the occurrence of multiple-vacancy concerted
jumps corresponding to an unstable arrival state for a single vacancy jump. In the
case of a single vacancy jump, a strong dependence of the activation barrier upon
the position of the other vacancies was observed; similar in strength to the
dependence of the activation energy upon the presence of nearest-neighbour
yttrium ions; usually to be a blocking site for vacancy migration. The results
indicated the need to improve existing models, of oxygen diffusion in stabilized
zirconium, by including vacancy-vacancy interactions.
Vacancy-Vacancy Interaction and Oxygen Diffusion in Stabilized Cubic ZrO2 from
First Principles. F.Pietrucci, M.Bernasconi, A.Laio, M.Parrinello: Physical Review
B, 2008, 78[9], 094301