Quenching experiments were performed using state of the art p-type Czochralski-grown Ge samples. The vacancy formation energy and thermal equilibrium concentration were determined on the basis of resistivity changes measured after quenching, using van der Pauw and Hall measurements. The results were compared with previously published experimental data and with results from analytical and ab initio calculations of the formation energy of the vacancy in different charge states. The deep levels introduced during the quenching step were studied with deep level transient spectroscopy and with FTIR, revealing besides the typical quenching related defects which were probably connected with vacancies also the presence of Cu.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Thermal Solubility of the Vacancy in Germanium. J.Vanhellemont, J.Lauwaert, A.Witecka, P.Śpiewak, I.Romandic, P.Clauws: Physica B, 2009, 404[23-24], 4529-32