A three-dimensional multiple-slip dislocation density-based crystalline formulation, specialized finite-element formulations and Voronoi tessellations adapted to martensitic orientations were used to investigate large strain inelastic deformation modes and dislocation density evolution in martensitic microstructures. The formulation was based on accounting for variant morphologies and orientations, retained austenite and initial dislocation densities that were uniquely inherent to martensitic microstructures. The effects of parent austenite orientation and retained austenite were also investigated for heterogeneous fcc/bcc crystalline structures. Furthermore, the formulation was used to investigate microstructures mapped directly from SEM/EBSD images of martensitic steel alloys. The analysis indicates that variant morphology and orientations have a direct effect on dislocation density accumulation and inelastic localization in martensitic microstructures, and that lath directions, orientations and arrangements were critical characteristics of high strength martensitic deformation and behavior.

Dislocation Density Crystalline Plasticity Modeling of Lath Martensitic Microstructures in Steel Alloys. T.M.Hatem, M.A.Zikry: Philosophical Magazine, 2009, 89[33], 3087-109