The elastic strains, excess energy and volume expansion which were due to ensembles of gliding or tangential extrinsic grain boundary dislocation arrays were evaluated. When combined with other results, this was expected to provide an estimate of the overall effect of the entire grain boundary defect structure.

Ensembles of Gliding Grain Boundary Dislocations in Ultra-Fine Grained Materials Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation. A.A.Nazarov: Scripta Materialia, 1997, 37[8], 1155-61