The current-density versus electric-field characteristics of low-angle grain boundaries which consisted of periodic arrays of charged dislocations were predicted by using a quasi-classical molecular dynamics approach. It was found that, below a critical grain boundary misorientation, the calculated current-density versus electric-field characteristics were linear. They were non-linear above the critical grain boundary misorientation. The degree of non-linearity, and the voltage onset of non-linearity, depended upon the grain boundary misorientation.

Simulation of Electron Transport Across Charged Grain Boundaries. V.Srikant, D.R.Clarke, P.V.Evans: Applied Physics Letters, 1996, 69[12], 1755-7