Theoretical investigations on single-walled carbon nanotubes were carried out using ab initio and molecular interaction potential with polarization methodologies to explore the possibilities of Li+ ion insertion through the open-end of nanotubes. Li-nanotube systems could improve the capacity of lithium batteries by using both nanotube exteriors and interiors. Ab initio calculations of the fully optimized nanotubes were used to examine the lithium incorporation in the nanotube through the open-end depending upon its diameter size. The favorable interaction of the lithium cation with (5,0), (6,0), (7,0), (8,0), (9,0) and (10,0) zig-zag open-ended nanotubes was studied.

Ab initio Investigations of Lithium Diffusion in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Garau, C., Frontera, A., Quiñonero, D., Costa, A., Ballester, P., Deyà, P.M.: Chemical Physics, 2004, 297[1-3], 85-91