Diffusion, and the Kirkendall effect, were studied at 1100C in couples between various binary and ternary alloys: Ni-30Cu-5%Fe, Fe-29.5Ni-16.5%Cu, Ni-50%Fe, Ni-49%Cu, Cu-29%Ni, Fe-3%Cu and Cu-16%Ni. The Kirkendall shift, as measured by using very small ThO2 particles, was found to be equal to up to 12μm in the diffusion couple, Ni-30Cu-5%Fe/Fe-29.5Ni-16.5%Cu, after annealing for 196h. The results were explained in terms of an alternative set of effective interdiffusion coefficients which could be deduced from a single diffusion-couple experiment.

Interdiffusion and Kirkendall-Effect in the Fe-Ni-Cu System. U.Ugaste, A.A.Kodentsov, F.J.J.Van Loo: Solid State Phenomena, 2000, 72, 117-22