It was shown how stimulated echo nuclear magnetic resonance could be used to go beyond the limits of standard nuclear magnetic resonance methods for the characterization of dynamic properties of one of the most promising new electrode materials viz. Li intercalated TiO2-B nanowires. It turned out that Li self-diffusion was very slow with an activation energy of 0.48eV. Obviously, the shorter diffusion length compensates for this low mobility so that, nonetheless, facile incorporation and removal of Li was possible when the nanowires were used in an ion battery.
Diffusion in Confined Dimensions: Li+ Transport in Mixed Conducting TiO2-B Nanowires. Wilkening, M., Lyness, C., Armstrong, A.R., Bruce, P.G.: Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113[12], 4741-4