Titanium dioxide in its anatase form could react with lithium by a reversible intercalation process. This process was accompanied by a marked colour change, so that TiO2 was of interest for the development of electrochromic displays. The electrochromic properties of thin film electrodes, obtained by deposition onto a tin oxide coated glass substrate showed that the rate of the electrochromic process was controlled by the diffusion of the Li+ ions through the TiO2 lattice. Consequently, it was convenient to drive the electrochromic process with potentiostatic pulses and, effectively, under these conditions many cycles with initial good colour contrast and efficiencies which approach 100%, were obtained with the TiO2 thin film electrodes.

The Electrochromic Characteristics of Titanium Oxide Thin Film Electrodes. Ottaviani, M., Panero, S., Morzilli, S., Scrosati, B., Lazzari, M.: Solid State Ionics, 1986, 20[3], 197-202